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Strain reference · North America

Sin Nombre virus (SNV)

Sin Nombre virus is the primary cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America. It was identified in 1993 during the Four Corners outbreak — the first recognized HPS event in the Americas — and named for the lack of a clear toponym at the time of discovery (sin nombre = without a name).

At a glance

Reservoir hostDeer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Geographic rangeUnited States, Canada, Mexico — particularly the U.S. Southwest, Pacific Northwest and Sierra Nevada
Disease syndromeHantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Case fatality rate~36%
VaccineNone licensed in most countries
Specific treatmentNone. Supportive care.

Summary

Sin Nombre virus is the primary cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America. It was identified in 1993 during the Four Corners outbreak — the first recognized HPS event in the Americas — and named for the lack of a clear toponym at the time of discovery (sin nombre = without a name).

SNV does not transmit person-to-person. All known cases trace to direct or aerosol exposure to deer mouse excreta, typically in cabins, sheds, agricultural buildings, or rural homes where deer mice have been active.

Notable history

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